Manufacturing Of Cement

Cement is mainly made up by two process
1- WET process
2- DRY process

WET process

first of all basic material for manufacturing of cement is limestone or chalk & clay. limestone or clay is obtained from quarry.the limestone brought from the quarries is first crushed to
smaller fragments. Then it is taken to a ball or tube mill where it is mixed with clay or shale as the case may be and ground to a fine consistency of slurry with the addition of water.
 particles, crushed to the fineness of Indian Standard Sieve number 9, are held in suspension.
The composition of the slurry is tested to give the required chemical composition.

 Finally, the corrected slurry is stored in the final storage tanks and kept in a homogeneous condition by the agitation of slurry.
 The rotary kiln is an important component of a cement factory.in the rotary kiln the slurry is preheated first at the temperature of 1400-1500°C, lime silica & alumina get recombined. and thus formation of clinker takes place. clinkers are fused solid of size range from 3mm-20mm.the clinkers are stored in silos.

clinkers are crushed & powdered in ball mill and addition of gypsum about 3-5% is added, cement packed. and thus cement is manufactured by wet process.

dry process
coming soon.....
in next blog

BURJ khalifa- worlds tallest building 828 meter high

during construction

Excavation work began for Burj Khalifa the tallest skyscraper in the world
it is the tallest MAN made structure in the world.

Construction began on 6 January 2004 & the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009.

Foundation

The superstructure is supported by a large reinforced concrete mat, which is in turn supported by bored reinforced concrete piles. The design was based on extensive geotechnical and seismic studies

A high density, low permeability concrete was used in the foundation
cathodic protection system under the mat to minise the corrosive action due to presence of groundwater

Podium
its provides base anchoring to the tower to ground, it is  constructed with a suspended cable-net structure .

Exterior Cladding
exterior cladding comprised of reflective glazing with the aluminium & stainless steel.
it has ore than 25k glass panels used in exterior cladding of the building.cladding system is used to withstand the dubai's hot summer.for cladding work the cladding specialist are hire from china.

Structural System
burj khalifa is made  such a way that it has asthetic & functional advantage.
 the spiraling “Y” shaped plan was utilized to shape the structural core of Burj Khalifa. this design will be helpful in reducing the wind forces on the strcuture.



Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing
To achieve the greatest efficiencies, the mechanical, electrical and plumbing services for Burj Khalifa were developed in coordination during the design phase with cooperation of the architect, structural engineer and other consultant.
The tower's water system supplies an average of 946,000 litres (250,000 gallons) of water daily 
At peak cooling, Burj Khalifa will require about 10,000 tons of cooling, equal to the cooling capacity provided by about 10,000 tons of melting ice 
Dubai's hot, humid climate combined with the building's cooling requirements creates a significant amount of condensation. This water is collected and drained in a separate piping system to a holding tank in the basement car park 

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The condensate collection system provides about 15 million gallons of supplement water per year, equal to about 20 Olympic-sized swimming pools 
The tower's peak electrical demand is 36mW, equal to about 360,000 100 Watt bulbs operating simultaneously 
Fire Safety
for fire safety purpose the building design is just said to be an awesome.
the lift capacity is 5500kg is installed for easily evacuation of structure.
since the 160floorsis too much high so at each 25 floor there is pressurized, air conditioned room.

Elevators & Lifts

burj khalifa has 57 elevator & 8 escalators
Burj Khalifa will be the first mega-high rise in which certain elevators will be programmed to permit controlled evacuation for certain fire or security events. Burj Khalifa's Observatory elevators are double deck cabs with a capacity for 12-14 people per cab. Traveling at 10 metres per second, they will have the world's longest travel distance from lowest to highest stop.

The world's most-prestigious address will be home to a select few. With 900 residences including studios, one-, two-, three- and four-bedroom suites, The Residences at Burj Khalifa are designed for the connoisseur. High living becomes a reality where the homes are located on levels 19 to 108 of Burj Khalifa.
has 11 hectare of greenery with two tennis courts.

Types of Construction

Construction is an industry method that consists of assembling or building infrastructure.

1. Residential building construction
2. Light commercial construction
3. Multi-family construction
4. Health-Care construction
5. Environmental construction
6. Industrial construction
7. Commercial building construction
8. Institutional construction
9. Heavy civil construction

residental building construction-

steps-

1.Site preparation - clearing of the site and pegging out of the site by the surveyor.

2.Frames and roof trusses - The frames are prepared before being delivered to site and can be erected very quickly with a day or so.

3.Brick work- This stage really gives the development true structure, and you can feel the development making good progress when you see the brickwork completed

4.Internal linings- After the rough in is complete, the insulation will be installed into the wall and ceilings and then the plaster will start on lining the walls and ceilings

5.Waterproofing and tiling- The wet areas will be water-proofed in preparation for the tilers to start work

6.Timber mould- This stage involves the carpenters installing the skirting boards, architraves, door jams and doors and kitchens.

1. 7.Practical completion- This is the point in time when an inspection is conducted when builder is almost finished.
2. 8.Handover This is when you are happy the construction has been completed to your satisfaction 

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What is heavy Construction?

Heavy or civil construction is a procedure of adding infrastructure to the environment of a building. The builders are usually government agencies both at the local or national level. These also have legal and financial considerations. This project primarily serves the public interest.

What is Industrial Construction

Industrial construction requires highly specialized skill in construction, planning and design. Holders of this project are normally industrial, for profit or large corporations. 

What is building Construction

Building construction is a process of adding small or big structures to land or real property. Most of the building construction jobs are small reconstructions like adding bathroom or reconstruction of a room

Building constructions are procured publicly or privately using different delivery methodologies such as management contracting, hard bid, construction management at risk, design & build bridging, and negotiated price.

Residential construction technologies, resources and practices should conform to the codes of practice and local building authority regulations. The materials used are widely accessible in the market. The common materials used are timber, stone and brick.

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